Archive for November 23rd, 2011

The full report, issued today, is available here.

Here are the first few paragraphs:

The Greek economy is going through a new, exceptionally critical phase

The decision of the 26 October Euro Summit represents a milestone on the adjustment path of the Greek economy. The main aim of the agreement reached concerning Greece was to lighten the burden of government debt and its servicing costs, while the adoption of a new multiannual EU-IMF support programme for Greece is envisaged by the end of 2011.

About a year ago, the Bank of Greece considered that the debt could be sustainable. The Bank based its assessment on (a) the full attainment of the fiscal targets that had been set — indeed, the Bank strongly encouraged the overachievement of those targets, wherever possible — and (b) a substantial improvement in competitiveness. In the event, however, the inter-related effects of an undershooting of the fiscal targets, delays in implementing structural reforms, and a sharper-than-expected decline in economic activity undercut earlier assessments about debt sustainability.

Last opportunity to reshape the economy

The new opportunity provided to Greece under the agreement of 26 October may well be the last such opportunity. Thus, the country must avoid any further delays or deviations from targets at all costs; indeed, every possible effort needs to focus on overshooting the targets. The present juncture is the most critical period in Greece’s post-war history. What is at stake is whether the country is to remain within the euro area in the future. [My emphasis] Effectively, Greece is faced with a choice between:

– an uncontrolled downward trajectory that would undermine many of the achievements that have been attained in recent decades, drive the country out of the euro area and set Greece’s economy, standard of living, society and international standing back many decades;

or

– an all-out effort within the euro area, in close cooperation with our European partners and the international community, to mitigate shocks, shorten — to the extent possible — the difficult and long adjustment period and lay solid foundations for the restructuring of the economy and reestablishment of sustainable growth.

Clearly, the latter option entails costs. However, the overall cost to society will be lower than otherwise in the medium term, and the long-run benefits will be higher than will be the case under the former option.

From ft.com/alphaville:

 

Bloomberg had reported on Tuesday that as much as 100m lati ($191m) may be missing from the bank. The shortfalls come on the back of the liquidation of Lithuania’s Bankas Snoras, according to the report. Depositors were told on Tuesday that they would only be able to withdraw as much as 50 lati from ATMs starting on Wednesday for the next two to three days, depending on how the Lithuanian government proceeds with Snoras. Lithuania’s government took over Snoras on November 16 after the central bank discovered about €300m of assets may be missing and the lender was at risk of insolvency, according to another report by Bloomberg.

Lousy German bond auction:

Germany saw one of its poorest debt sales on Wednesday in what was seen as a failed auction by many market participants amid fears the eurozone’s debt crisis is spreading all the way to Berlin. Marc Ostwald, at Monument, said “I cannot recall a worse auction … If Germany can only manage this sort of participation, what hope for the rest. Yields are at completely the wrong level.” Mr Oswald said the bid-to-cover ratio was only 0.65 times as the German debt agency sold just €3.644bn of its new 10-year Bund of the €6bn targeted. The Bundesbank retained a massive €2.356bn, which it will plan to sell over the coming days in the hope market sentiment improves. If the Bundesbank retention is included, the bid-to-cover ratio was a modest 1.1 times. Many market participants consider this an auction failure although some say technically it is not, as by retaining its own bonds the Bundesbank has pushed the bid-to-cover ratio above 1.0 times. The average yield for the 10-year bonds was 1.98 per cent.

Lousy eurozone economic indicators:

Eurozone industry saw the biggest one month fall in orders in almost three years in September, as worries about the region’s escalating debt crisis hit demand. New orders plunged by 6.4 per cent compared with August, according to Eurostat, the European Union’s statistical office. It was the biggest month-on-month fall since December 2008, when the global economy was reeling from the collapse of Lehman Brothers investment bank. Then, orders dropped by 10.2 per cent.

The data suggested the region’s debt crisis had undermined economic confidence even more than feared, resulting in business and consumers cutting back investment and spending. Earlier this week, the European Commission reported its index of eurozone consumer confidence had fallen in November for the fifth consecutive month to the lowest level since August 2009.

With orders data providing an early indication of trends in economic activity, September’s figures added to evidence that the eurozone has fallen into recession. Italy, where the eurozone debt crisis intensified from August, saw the biggest drop in industrial orders – of 9.2 per cent – between August and September. But France and Spain saw drop of 6.2 per cent and 5.3 per cent respectively, and Germany saw a 4.4 per cent contraction in orders.

Eurozone purchasing managers’ indices for November, also published on Wednesday, indicated overall economic activity is contracting at a significant pace – although the rate of decline appeared to have stabilised. The “composite” index, covering manufacturing and services, rose from 46.5 in October to 47.2 – the third consecutive month below the 50 level, which divides an expansion in activity from a contraction.

Merkel says ECB mandate can’t be changed:

In a forceful speech to the Bundestag lower house of parliament, Chancellor Angela Merkel issued one of her starkest warnings yet against fiddling with the central bank’s strict inflation-fighting mandate . . . “The European currency union is based, and this was a precondition for the creation of the union, on a central bank that has sole responsibility for monetary policy. This is its mandate. It is pursuing this. And we all need to be very careful about criticizing the European Central Bank,” Merkel said. “I am firmly convinced that the mandate of the European Central Bank cannot, absolutely cannot, be changed.”

The European Commission has released the “Green Paper on the feasibility of introducing Stability Bonds,” the draft of which I included in one of my Monday posts.

Merkel tells the EC to mind its own business:

German Chancellor Angela Merkel slapped down a new European Union push for bonds issued jointly by the 17 euro nations, saying Tuesday that they wouldn’t resolve the debt crisis and now is the wrong time to discuss them. Merkel dug in on her resistance to calls for an instant solution to the crisis hours after the EU’s top economic official tried to sell a skeptical Germany on Brussels’ new drive for so-called “eurobonds,” which the EU’s executive Commission is now calling “stability bonds.” Merkel has staunchly opposed anything resembling eurobonds, which the Commission’s head argues would be an effective way to avoid disaster as many countries’ borrowing costs spiral higher in the debt crisis.

The chancellor noted in a speech to Germany’s main employers’ association that so-called eurobonds “have just come very much back into fashion.” But she was unbending in her opposition to introducing them, saying that what’s important is to address shortcomings in the construction of the eurozone. “If at all, this discussion belongs at the end — so I don’t find it particularly fitting that we are now once again conducting it in the middle of the crisis, as if it were the answer to this crisis,” Merkel said. “In the long term, it isn’t.”

Merkel also underlined her resistance to mounting pressure for a major bond-buying campaign by the European Central Bank as a way of relieving pressure on other countries’ borrowing costs. She said of hopes of an immediate solution to the crisis: “I say yet again: there won’t be one.”

The EC Green Paper is one part of the EC’s “package enabling new action for growth, governance and stability” announced today: